Key Insights
The European Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing regulatory compliance needs across diverse sectors and a rising focus on product quality and safety. The market, valued at approximately €XX million in 2025 (assuming a logical estimation based on the provided CAGR of 6.10% and a market size 'XX' in an unspecified year), is projected to maintain a steady expansion trajectory over the forecast period (2025-2033). Key drivers include stringent environmental regulations, escalating demand for quality assurance in manufacturing and supply chains, and the burgeoning growth of e-commerce, all necessitating thorough TIC services. The market is segmented by sourcing type (outsourced vs. in-house), service type (testing, inspection, certification), and end-user vertical (automotive, food and agriculture, etc.), with the outsourced segment dominating due to the specialized expertise and cost-effectiveness it offers. Germany, France, the UK, and Italy represent the largest national markets within Europe, reflecting their advanced industrial bases and sophisticated regulatory frameworks. However, growth opportunities exist across smaller European nations as they continue to enhance their infrastructure and adopt stricter quality standards.
The market's expansion is further fueled by evolving technological advancements, particularly in automation and data analytics, enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of TIC processes. While potential restraints like economic fluctuations and cybersecurity concerns exist, the overall long-term outlook for the European TIC market remains positive. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of large multinational corporations and specialized regional players. This competitive dynamic fosters innovation and drives continuous improvement in the quality and range of TIC services offered, catering to the ever-evolving demands of diverse industries. The sustained growth is expected to be influenced by several trends, including the increasing adoption of digital technologies across the TIC industry, a rising emphasis on sustainability and circular economy principles, and the increasing focus on supply chain resilience and risk mitigation.

Europe TIC Market: A Comprehensive Report (2019-2033)
This in-depth report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Europe TIC (Testing, Inspection, and Certification) market, offering invaluable insights for stakeholders across the industry. Covering the period 2019-2033, with a focus on 2025, this report meticulously examines market dynamics, trends, leading players, and future prospects, enabling informed strategic decision-making. The study encompasses detailed segmentation by sourcing type, service type, end-user vertical, and key European countries. Market size projections are provided in Millions.
Europe TIC Market Market Dynamics & Concentration
The European TIC market exhibits a moderately concentrated landscape, with several large multinational players holding significant market share. Quality Analysis Gmb, Intertek Group, Vinçotte International SA, and SGS SA, among others, dominate the scene, contributing to approximately xx% of the total market revenue in 2025. However, a number of smaller, specialized firms also operate within niche segments, creating a dynamic competitive environment. Market concentration is expected to remain relatively stable, although strategic mergers and acquisitions (M&A) continue to shape the competitive landscape.
Market Drivers:
- Stringent Regulatory Frameworks: Increasingly rigorous regulations across various industries drive demand for TIC services, particularly in sectors such as food safety, automotive, and pharmaceuticals.
- Globalization and Supply Chain Complexity: The globalized nature of supply chains necessitates robust TIC solutions to ensure product quality, compliance, and risk mitigation.
- Technological Advancements: Automation, AI, and digitalization are transforming TIC processes, driving efficiency improvements and expanding service offerings.
M&A Activity: The TIC sector has witnessed a notable increase in M&A activity in recent years, as larger firms seek to expand their geographic reach, service portfolios, and technological capabilities. The number of M&A deals in the Europe TIC market reached xx in 2024, a xx% increase compared to the previous year. This trend is expected to continue, further consolidating the market.
Product Substitutes: While direct substitutes for TIC services are limited, alternative approaches such as in-house testing capabilities exist, although often at a higher cost or with potential compromises in impartiality and expertise.
Europe TIC Market Industry Trends & Analysis
The Europe TIC market is projected to experience a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of xx% during the forecast period (2025-2033). This growth is fueled by several key factors: increasing regulatory scrutiny, rising consumer demand for high-quality products, and the growing adoption of advanced technologies within the TIC industry. Market penetration of digital technologies in TIC services is estimated at xx% in 2025, and is poised to increase significantly over the next decade. The market is also witnessing increased demand for specialized TIC services tailored to specific industry needs, such as sustainability certifications and cybersecurity assessments. Consumer preferences for ethically sourced products and increased focus on sustainability are also shaping demand in the TIC sector.
Technological advancements, such as AI-powered inspection systems and blockchain-based traceability solutions are streamlining operations and boosting the efficiency of TIC providers. However, maintaining data security and addressing potential biases in AI-driven systems remain key challenges for companies operating in this rapidly evolving market. The competitive landscape remains robust, with both established players and innovative start-ups vying for market share.

Leading Markets & Segments in Europe TIC Market
By Country: Germany, the United Kingdom, and France represent the largest national markets within the European TIC sector in 2025, driven by robust industrial bases and stringent regulatory frameworks. The "Rest of Europe" segment also contributes significantly.
- Germany: Strong manufacturing sector, advanced technological capabilities, and strict regulations create high demand.
- United Kingdom: Significant industrial activity across various sectors necessitates comprehensive TIC solutions.
- France: Developed economy, diverse industrial base, and robust regulatory environment support market growth.
By Sourcing Type: Outsourced TIC services dominate the market, reflecting the preference of many businesses to leverage the expertise and capacity of specialized providers.
By Type of Service: Testing and Inspection are the largest segments, driven by the pervasive need for product quality assurance and regulatory compliance across numerous industries. Certification is a rapidly growing segment fueled by increasing demand for third-party validation. In-house/Government segments contribute, but outsource remains dominant.
By End User Vertical: The Manufacturing and Industrial Goods, Food and Agriculture, Automotive, and Consumer Goods and Retail sectors represent the largest end-user segments, reflecting the high volume of products requiring testing, inspection, and certification.
Europe TIC Market Product Developments
Recent product developments in the Europe TIC market have focused on integrating advanced technologies, such as AI and machine learning, into testing and inspection processes. This enables increased automation, higher accuracy, and faster turnaround times. New software platforms for data management and analysis are improving efficiency and transparency. Furthermore, there's a growing focus on developing sustainable and environmentally friendly testing methods. These developments are enhancing the value proposition of TIC providers and meeting the evolving needs of various industries.
Key Drivers of Europe TIC Market Growth
The Europe TIC market is primarily driven by factors like stringent regulatory requirements across numerous industries, globalization and supply chain complexities necessitating robust quality assurance, and the increasing adoption of advanced technologies (AI, automation) for improved efficiency and accuracy. Furthermore, rising consumer demand for high-quality and safe products fuels this growth. Government initiatives promoting sustainable practices also contribute to demand for related TIC services.
Challenges in the Europe TIC Market
Challenges include maintaining high levels of data security and protecting sensitive customer information, the need for standardization across various national regulatory frameworks, potential biases in AI-driven testing systems, and fierce competition requiring providers to offer competitive pricing and advanced capabilities. Supply chain disruptions also cause delays and uncertainties. Maintaining skilled workforce also presents an ongoing issue.
Emerging Opportunities in Europe TIC Market
The expansion of e-commerce necessitates reliable TIC services for online retailers, the integration of blockchain technology for enhanced traceability and transparency, increased demand for sustainability-related certification services, and the development of innovative digital solutions to enhance service delivery and customer experience are all opportunities. Strategic partnerships between TIC providers and technology companies will enable the development and deployment of advanced solutions.
Leading Players in the Europe TIC Market Sector
- Quality Analysis Gmb
- Intertek Group
- Vinçotte International SA
- DNV GL
- Société Générale de Surveillance SA (SGS SA)
- Applus Services SA
- TÜV NORD Group
- A/S Baltic Control Ltd Aarhus
- RTM BREDA SRL
- TÜV SÜD Limited
- LabAnalysis SRL
- CIS Commodity Inspection Services BV
- TÜV Rheinland Group
- VIC Inspection Services Holding Ltd
- DEKRA SA
- UL LLC
- Kiwa NV
- ALS Limited
- AQM SRL
- Bureau Veritas SA
- Element Materials Technology
- Eurofins Scientific SE
- ATG Technology Group
Key Milestones in Europe TIC Market Industry
- June 2023: NMi and CCIC Europe partner to offer testing, inspection, and certification services to manufacturers in the PRC. This expands service reach and strengthens global presence.
- October 2022: TÜV NORD invests in Global Surface Intelligence, integrating AI-based image analysis into certification services, leading to more efficient and data-driven offerings.
- January 2022: SGS collaborates with Microsoft to develop innovative TIC solutions, leveraging Microsoft's data and technology expertise. This partnership boosts technological advancement within the TIC industry.
Strategic Outlook for Europe TIC Market Market
The Europe TIC market exhibits strong growth potential driven by ongoing technological innovations, increasing regulatory demands, and a growing focus on sustainability. Strategic partnerships and M&A activity will continue to shape the market landscape. Companies that successfully embrace digital transformation and adapt to evolving industry needs will gain a competitive advantage. Focusing on specialized services and niche markets also presents significant growth opportunities. The long-term outlook remains positive, with substantial market expansion expected throughout the forecast period.
Europe TIC Market Segmentation
-
1. Sourcing Type
-
1.1. Outsourced
-
1.1.1. Type of Service
- 1.1.1.1. Testing and Inspection
- 1.1.1.2. Certification
-
1.1.1. Type of Service
- 1.2. In-house/Government
-
1.1. Outsourced
-
2. End User Vertical
- 2.1. Consumer Good and Retail
- 2.2. Automotive
- 2.3. Food and Agriculture
- 2.4. Manufacturing and Industrial Goods
- 2.5. Energy and Utilities
- 2.6. Oil & Gas and Chemicals
- 2.7. Construction
- 2.8. Transport, Aerospace, and Rail
- 2.9. Life Sciences
- 2.10. Marine & Mining
- 2.11. Other End User Verticals
Europe TIC Market Segmentation By Geography
-
1. Europe
- 1.1. United Kingdom
- 1.2. Germany
- 1.3. France
- 1.4. Italy
- 1.5. Spain
- 1.6. Netherlands
- 1.7. Belgium
- 1.8. Sweden
- 1.9. Norway
- 1.10. Poland
- 1.11. Denmark

Europe TIC Market REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of 6.10% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. Increasing Trading Across Borders and Stringent Regulations; Technological Evolution; Mass Customization and Shorter Product Life Cycles
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. Increase in Lead Times For Assessment Programs Due to the Growing Complexity of the Supply Chain
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. Consumer Goods and Retail Segment is Expected to Hold Significant Market Share
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Europe TIC Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Sourcing Type
- 5.1.1. Outsourced
- 5.1.1.1. Type of Service
- 5.1.1.1.1. Testing and Inspection
- 5.1.1.1.2. Certification
- 5.1.1.1. Type of Service
- 5.1.2. In-house/Government
- 5.1.1. Outsourced
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End User Vertical
- 5.2.1. Consumer Good and Retail
- 5.2.2. Automotive
- 5.2.3. Food and Agriculture
- 5.2.4. Manufacturing and Industrial Goods
- 5.2.5. Energy and Utilities
- 5.2.6. Oil & Gas and Chemicals
- 5.2.7. Construction
- 5.2.8. Transport, Aerospace, and Rail
- 5.2.9. Life Sciences
- 5.2.10. Marine & Mining
- 5.2.11. Other End User Verticals
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.3.1. Europe
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Sourcing Type
- 6. Germany Europe TIC Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7. France Europe TIC Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8. Italy Europe TIC Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 9. United Kingdom Europe TIC Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 10. Netherlands Europe TIC Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 11. Sweden Europe TIC Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 12. Rest of Europe Europe TIC Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 13. Competitive Analysis
- 13.1. Market Share Analysis 2024
- 13.2. Company Profiles
- 13.2.1 Quality Analysis Gmb
- 13.2.1.1. Overview
- 13.2.1.2. Products
- 13.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.2 Intertek Group
- 13.2.2.1. Overview
- 13.2.2.2. Products
- 13.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.3 Vinçotte International SA
- 13.2.3.1. Overview
- 13.2.3.2. Products
- 13.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.4 DNV GL
- 13.2.4.1. Overview
- 13.2.4.2. Products
- 13.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.5 Société Générale de Surveillance SA (SGS SA)
- 13.2.5.1. Overview
- 13.2.5.2. Products
- 13.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.6 Applus Services SA
- 13.2.6.1. Overview
- 13.2.6.2. Products
- 13.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.7 TÜV NORD Group
- 13.2.7.1. Overview
- 13.2.7.2. Products
- 13.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.8 A/S Baltic Control Ltd Aarhus
- 13.2.8.1. Overview
- 13.2.8.2. Products
- 13.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.9 RTM BREDA SRL
- 13.2.9.1. Overview
- 13.2.9.2. Products
- 13.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.10 TÜV SÜD Limited
- 13.2.10.1. Overview
- 13.2.10.2. Products
- 13.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.11 LabAnalysis SRL
- 13.2.11.1. Overview
- 13.2.11.2. Products
- 13.2.11.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.11.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.11.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.12 CIS Commodity Inspection Services BV
- 13.2.12.1. Overview
- 13.2.12.2. Products
- 13.2.12.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.12.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.12.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.13 TÜV Rheinland Group
- 13.2.13.1. Overview
- 13.2.13.2. Products
- 13.2.13.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.13.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.13.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.14 VIC Inspection Services Holding Ltd
- 13.2.14.1. Overview
- 13.2.14.2. Products
- 13.2.14.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.14.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.14.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.15 DEKRA SA
- 13.2.15.1. Overview
- 13.2.15.2. Products
- 13.2.15.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.15.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.15.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.16 UL LLC
- 13.2.16.1. Overview
- 13.2.16.2. Products
- 13.2.16.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.16.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.16.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.17 Kiwa NV
- 13.2.17.1. Overview
- 13.2.17.2. Products
- 13.2.17.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.17.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.17.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.18 ALS Limited
- 13.2.18.1. Overview
- 13.2.18.2. Products
- 13.2.18.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.18.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.18.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.19 AQM SRL
- 13.2.19.1. Overview
- 13.2.19.2. Products
- 13.2.19.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.19.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.19.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.20 Bureau Veritas SA
- 13.2.20.1. Overview
- 13.2.20.2. Products
- 13.2.20.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.20.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.20.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.21 Element Materials Technology
- 13.2.21.1. Overview
- 13.2.21.2. Products
- 13.2.21.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.21.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.21.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.22 Eurofins Scientific SE
- 13.2.22.1. Overview
- 13.2.22.2. Products
- 13.2.22.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.22.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.22.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.23 ATG Technology Group
- 13.2.23.1. Overview
- 13.2.23.2. Products
- 13.2.23.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.23.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.23.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.1 Quality Analysis Gmb
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Europe TIC Market Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Product 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: Europe TIC Market Share (%) by Company 2024
List of Tables
- Table 1: Europe TIC Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: Europe TIC Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Sourcing Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: Europe TIC Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End User Vertical 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: Europe TIC Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: Europe TIC Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: Germany Europe TIC Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: France Europe TIC Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: Italy Europe TIC Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: United Kingdom Europe TIC Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: Netherlands Europe TIC Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: Sweden Europe TIC Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: Rest of Europe Europe TIC Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: Europe TIC Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Sourcing Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: Europe TIC Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End User Vertical 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: Europe TIC Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: United Kingdom Europe TIC Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: Germany Europe TIC Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: France Europe TIC Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: Italy Europe TIC Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: Spain Europe TIC Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: Netherlands Europe TIC Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: Belgium Europe TIC Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: Sweden Europe TIC Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 24: Norway Europe TIC Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 25: Poland Europe TIC Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 26: Denmark Europe TIC Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Europe TIC Market?
The projected CAGR is approximately 6.10%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Europe TIC Market?
Key companies in the market include Quality Analysis Gmb, Intertek Group, Vinçotte International SA, DNV GL, Société Générale de Surveillance SA (SGS SA), Applus Services SA, TÜV NORD Group, A/S Baltic Control Ltd Aarhus, RTM BREDA SRL, TÜV SÜD Limited, LabAnalysis SRL, CIS Commodity Inspection Services BV, TÜV Rheinland Group, VIC Inspection Services Holding Ltd, DEKRA SA, UL LLC, Kiwa NV, ALS Limited, AQM SRL, Bureau Veritas SA, Element Materials Technology, Eurofins Scientific SE, ATG Technology Group.
3. What are the main segments of the Europe TIC Market?
The market segments include Sourcing Type, End User Vertical.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD XX Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
Increasing Trading Across Borders and Stringent Regulations; Technological Evolution; Mass Customization and Shorter Product Life Cycles.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
Consumer Goods and Retail Segment is Expected to Hold Significant Market Share.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
Increase in Lead Times For Assessment Programs Due to the Growing Complexity of the Supply Chain.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
June 2023 - NMi, one of the market leaders in the certification of measuring and metering technologies, and CCIC Europe (CCIC EU), the regional company of the China Inspection & Certification Group, have announced a partnership to provide testing, inspection, and certification services to manufacturers in the People’s Republic of China (PRC).
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 4750, USD 4950, and USD 6800 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Europe TIC Market," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Europe TIC Market report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Europe TIC Market?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Europe TIC Market, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence