Key Insights
The Europe Clearing Houses and Settlements Market is projected for robust growth, with an estimated market size of $2,020 million in 2025. The market is anticipated to expand at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 1.59% from 2025 to 2033. This growth trajectory is fueled by several key drivers, including the increasing complexity of financial transactions, the growing demand for robust risk management solutions, and the continuous evolution of regulatory frameworks across Europe. The emphasis on post-trade transparency and efficiency, alongside the need to mitigate systemic risk, are paramount in driving the adoption of advanced clearing and settlement services. Furthermore, the ongoing digital transformation within the financial sector is creating new opportunities for innovation and service enhancement in this market.

Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Market Size (In Billion)

The market is segmented into Outward House Clearing and Inward House Clearing, with various system types such as TARGET2, SEPA, and EBICS playing crucial roles. Leading entities like Euroclear, Clearstream Banking, and LCH Clearnet are at the forefront, offering sophisticated infrastructure and services. Geographically, Europe, particularly major financial hubs like the United Kingdom, Germany, and France, represents a significant market share. Emerging trends like the adoption of distributed ledger technology (DLT) for settlement, increased focus on central counterparties (CCPs) for derivative clearing, and the integration of sustainability considerations are shaping the future landscape. However, challenges such as the high cost of technology implementation, potential regulatory uncertainties, and the need for continuous cybersecurity enhancements could pose restraints to the market's full potential.

Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Company Market Share

This in-depth report delves into the dynamic Europe Clearing Houses and Settlements Market, providing unparalleled insights into its growth trajectory, key players, and evolving landscape. Driven by an increasing volume of financial transactions and evolving regulatory frameworks, the market is poised for significant expansion. Our analysis covers the period from 2019 to 2033, with a base year of 2025 and a forecast period extending to 2033. This report is essential for financial institutions, regulators, technology providers, and investors seeking to understand and capitalize on the opportunities within this critical sector of the European financial ecosystem. We explore market dynamics, industry trends, leading segments, product developments, growth drivers, challenges, emerging opportunities, key players, and strategic outlooks to offer a holistic view of the market.
Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Market Dynamics & Concentration
The Europe Clearing Houses and Settlements Market is characterized by a moderate to high concentration, with a few dominant players holding significant market share. The market share of the top three players is estimated to be over 65% in 2025. Innovation is a key driver, fueled by the relentless pursuit of efficiency, security, and cost reduction. The adoption of new technologies like distributed ledger technology (DLT) is reshaping operational models. Regulatory frameworks, such as MiFID II and various European Central Bank (ECB) initiatives, continue to shape market practices and compliance requirements, fostering a need for robust and secure clearing and settlement systems. Product substitutes are limited due to the highly regulated and specialized nature of clearing and settlement services, though advancements in fintech are introducing new efficiencies. End-user trends are leaning towards greater automation, real-time settlement capabilities, and enhanced risk management. Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activities are moderate, driven by consolidation to achieve economies of scale and expand service offerings. For instance, there have been approximately 5-7 significant M&A deals in the last five years, involving smaller regional players or technology integration initiatives.
- Market Concentration: Dominated by a few major players, with a trend towards consolidation for efficiency.
- Innovation Drivers: Technological advancements (DLT, AI), regulatory compliance, demand for faster settlement.
- Regulatory Frameworks: MiFID II, EMIR, PSD2, and ongoing central bank directives significantly influence operations.
- Product Substitutes: Limited, but fintech innovations are introducing alternative efficiencies.
- End-User Trends: Automation, real-time processing, enhanced cybersecurity, risk mitigation.
- M&A Activities: Moderate, focused on scale, technology acquisition, and market reach.
Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Industry Trends & Analysis
The Europe Clearing Houses and Settlements Market is experiencing robust growth, projected to witness a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of approximately 5.5% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is primarily driven by the increasing volume of cross-border financial transactions and the continuous need for secure and efficient post-trade processing. Technological disruptions are at the forefront of this evolution. The integration of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is a significant trend, promising faster settlement times, reduced counterparty risk, and enhanced transparency. Companies like Euroclear are actively exploring and developing DLT-based platforms for digital bond issuance and settlement, signaling a major shift in traditional infrastructure. Furthermore, the growing adoption of Central Counterparties (CCPs) for various financial instruments, including securities financing transactions (SFTs), is a key growth enabler. Cboe Clear Europe's planned launch of a CCP for SFTs exemplifies this trend, aiming to mitigate systemic risk and improve market liquidity. Consumer preferences are shifting towards digital solutions, demanding seamless integration with existing trading platforms and real-time data access. Competitive dynamics are intensifying, with established clearing houses investing heavily in technology upgrades and new entrants exploring niche markets and innovative service models. The market penetration of advanced settlement systems is steadily increasing, driven by regulatory mandates and the pursuit of operational excellence by financial institutions. The overall market penetration of DLT-enabled settlement solutions is expected to reach 15-20% by 2033. The increasing complexity of financial instruments and the need for robust risk management further fuel the demand for sophisticated clearing and settlement services, ensuring the market's sustained growth. The emphasis on resilience and cybersecurity in the wake of global economic uncertainties also plays a crucial role in driving investments in these critical financial market infrastructures.
Leading Markets & Segments in Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market
The Germany and United Kingdom are anticipated to remain the dominant markets within the Europe Clearing Houses and Settlements Market, accounting for an estimated 40% of the total market value in 2025. This dominance is underpinned by their robust financial infrastructure, significant trading volumes, and the presence of major clearing houses and financial institutions. France also holds a substantial share, further contributing to the leading positions of these economies.
Within the segmentation by Type, Outward House Clearing is expected to lead, driven by the extensive cross-border trading activities and the need for efficient settlement of international securities. Inward House Clearing also represents a significant segment, reflecting the substantial domestic trading volumes within these key European economies.
In terms of Type of System, TARGET2 is a cornerstone of the European payment system, facilitating large-value, real-time gross settlement for euro-denominated payments. Its widespread adoption and critical role in maintaining financial stability make it a dominant system. SEPA (Single Euro Payments Area) initiatives have streamlined cross-border euro payments, further boosting the efficiency of settlement processes and contributing to market growth. While EBICS (Electronic Banking Internet Communication Standard) is prevalent in certain regions and for specific banking communications, its overall market share in clearing and settlement is less significant compared to TARGET2 and SEPA's broader impact. The "Other Systems" category encompasses a range of domestic and specialized settlement systems, which collectively contribute to the overall market functionality.
- Dominant Regions: Germany, United Kingdom, France are key hubs due to their strong financial sectors and high trading volumes.
- Dominant Countries:
- Germany: Strong domestic financial market, presence of significant clearing houses.
- United Kingdom: Global financial center with extensive international trading activity.
- France: Robust banking sector and active capital markets.
- Dominant Segments (Type):
- Outward House Clearing: Driven by cross-border transactions and global portfolio management.
- Inward House Clearing: Reflects substantial domestic trading and investment.
- Dominant Segments (Type of System):
- TARGET2: Essential for large-value euro payments and real-time gross settlement, critical for interbank clearing.
- SEPA: Facilitates efficient and harmonized euro payments across Europe, supporting broader financial market integration.
- EBICS: Significant in specific bilateral or multilateral banking communication, but less impactful on the overall clearing and settlement landscape.
- Other Systems: Includes various domestic and specialized infrastructure supporting specific asset classes or regional requirements.
Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Product Developments
Product developments in the Europe Clearing Houses and Settlements Market are increasingly focused on leveraging cutting-edge technologies to enhance efficiency and security. The exploration and implementation of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) are paramount, with platforms being developed for the issuance and settlement of digital bonds and other tokenized assets. These innovations aim to reduce settlement times to near real-time, minimize counterparty risk, and improve transparency in post-trade processes. Furthermore, advancements in cloud-based solutions are offering greater scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness for clearing and settlement operations. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) is enhancing risk management capabilities, fraud detection, and operational analytics. These technological advancements provide competitive advantages by enabling financial institutions to process a higher volume of transactions with greater accuracy and lower operational costs, meeting the evolving demands of the digital financial landscape.
Key Drivers of Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Growth
The Europe Clearing Houses and Settlements Market is propelled by several key drivers. Increasing Financial Transaction Volumes, both domestic and cross-border, necessitate more robust and efficient clearing and settlement infrastructure. Regulatory Reforms, such as those aimed at enhancing financial stability and transparency (e.g., EMIR, MiFID II), mandate the use of central clearing and sophisticated settlement processes, driving adoption. Technological Advancements, particularly in DLT, AI, and cloud computing, are enabling faster, more secure, and cost-effective solutions, spurring investment and innovation. The growing demand for Risk Mitigation and Enhanced Security in financial markets directly translates to a greater reliance on the services of clearing houses. Furthermore, the push for Digitalization of Financial Services is creating new opportunities for innovative settlement solutions for digital assets.
Challenges in the Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Market
Despite its growth, the Europe Clearing Houses and Settlements Market faces several challenges. Complex and Evolving Regulatory Landscapes require continuous adaptation and significant compliance investments. Cybersecurity Threats pose a constant risk, demanding substantial expenditure on advanced security measures to protect sensitive financial data and prevent disruptions. Interoperability Issues between different clearing systems and national infrastructures can create inefficiencies and hinder seamless cross-border settlements. High Initial Investment Costs for adopting new technologies and upgrading existing infrastructure can be a barrier, especially for smaller market participants. Moreover, Resistance to Change from legacy systems and established operational practices can slow down the adoption of innovative solutions.
Emerging Opportunities in Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market
The Europe Clearing Houses and Settlements Market is ripe with emerging opportunities. The tokenization of assets and the development of digital securities present a significant avenue for growth, requiring new clearing and settlement frameworks. The ongoing expansion of cross-border payment systems and the increasing demand for real-time settlement solutions will continue to drive innovation. Strategic partnerships between traditional clearing houses and fintech companies are fostering the development of novel DLT-based solutions. Furthermore, the focus on sustainable finance and ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) investing is creating a need for clearing and settlement mechanisms that can support new asset classes and reporting requirements. The expansion of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), once fully realized, will also create entirely new paradigms for settlement.
Leading Players in the Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Sector
- Euroclear
- Clearstream Banking
- LCH Clearnet
- SIX x-clear
- BME Clearing
- National Settlements Depository (NSD)
- Monte Titoli
- Nasdaq CSD
- Bitbond
- Fnality
- Clearmatics
Key Milestones in Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Industry
- June 2023: Cboe Clear Europe announces plans to launch a central counterparty (CCP) clearing service for securities financing transactions (SFTs), enhancing market stability and risk management.
- March 2023: Euroclear announces the potential release of a new distributed ledger technology (DLT) platform designed for trading and settling securities, signaling a significant move towards digital asset infrastructure with a nearly completed Minimum Viable Product (MVP) for digital bond issuance and settlement.
Strategic Outlook for Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Market
The strategic outlook for the Europe Clearing Houses and Settlements Market is one of continued innovation and adaptation. The focus will remain on enhancing operational efficiency, strengthening risk management capabilities, and embracing digital transformation. Investments in DLT and other advanced technologies will be crucial for meeting the evolving demands of the financial industry, particularly with the rise of digital assets and tokenization. Strategic partnerships and collaborations will play a vital role in driving the adoption of new solutions and expanding market reach. Regulators will continue to shape the landscape, and clearing houses that can demonstrate agility and compliance will be well-positioned for sustained growth. The market is set to benefit from increased cross-border integration and the ongoing push for a more resilient and efficient global financial infrastructure.
Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Segmentation
-
1. Type
- 1.1. Outward House Clearing
- 1.2. Inward House Clearing
-
2. Type of System
- 2.1. TARGET2
- 2.2. SEPA
- 2.3. EBICS
- 2.4. Other Systems
Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Segmentation By Geography
-
1. Europe
- 1.1. United Kingdom
- 1.2. Germany
- 1.3. France
- 1.4. Italy
- 1.5. Spain
- 1.6. Netherlands
- 1.7. Belgium
- 1.8. Sweden
- 1.9. Norway
- 1.10. Poland
- 1.11. Denmark

Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Regional Market Share

Geographic Coverage of Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market
Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
| Aspects | Details |
|---|---|
| Study Period | 2020-2034 |
| Base Year | 2025 |
| Estimated Year | 2026 |
| Forecast Period | 2026-2034 |
| Historical Period | 2020-2025 |
| Growth Rate | CAGR of 1.59% from 2020-2034 |
| Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. Regulatory Requirements; Technological Advancements
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. Regulatory Requirements; Technological Advancements
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. SEPA Schemes are Driving the Market
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 5.1.1. Outward House Clearing
- 5.1.2. Inward House Clearing
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type of System
- 5.2.1. TARGET2
- 5.2.2. SEPA
- 5.2.3. EBICS
- 5.2.4. Other Systems
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.3.1. Europe
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 6. Competitive Analysis
- 6.1. Market Share Analysis 2025
- 6.2. Company Profiles
- 6.2.1 Euroclear
- 6.2.1.1. Overview
- 6.2.1.2. Products
- 6.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.2 Clearstream Banking
- 6.2.2.1. Overview
- 6.2.2.2. Products
- 6.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.3 LCH Clearnet
- 6.2.3.1. Overview
- 6.2.3.2. Products
- 6.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.4 SIX x-clear
- 6.2.4.1. Overview
- 6.2.4.2. Products
- 6.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.5 BME Clearing
- 6.2.5.1. Overview
- 6.2.5.2. Products
- 6.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.6 National Settlements Depository (NSD)
- 6.2.6.1. Overview
- 6.2.6.2. Products
- 6.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.7 Monte Titoli
- 6.2.7.1. Overview
- 6.2.7.2. Products
- 6.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.8 Nasdaq CSD
- 6.2.8.1. Overview
- 6.2.8.2. Products
- 6.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.9 Bitbond
- 6.2.9.1. Overview
- 6.2.9.2. Products
- 6.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.10 Fnality
- 6.2.10.1. Overview
- 6.2.10.2. Products
- 6.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.11 Clearmatics**List Not Exhaustive
- 6.2.11.1. Overview
- 6.2.11.2. Products
- 6.2.11.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.11.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.11.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.1 Euroclear
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Product 2025 & 2033
- Figure 2: Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Share (%) by Company 2025
List of Tables
- Table 1: Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2020 & 2033
- Table 2: Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Volume Quadrillion Forecast, by Region 2020 & 2033
- Table 3: Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 4: Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Volume Quadrillion Forecast, by Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 5: Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Type of System 2020 & 2033
- Table 6: Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Volume Quadrillion Forecast, by Type of System 2020 & 2033
- Table 7: Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2020 & 2033
- Table 8: Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Volume Quadrillion Forecast, by Region 2020 & 2033
- Table 9: Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 10: Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Volume Quadrillion Forecast, by Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 11: Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Type of System 2020 & 2033
- Table 12: Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Volume Quadrillion Forecast, by Type of System 2020 & 2033
- Table 13: Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
- Table 14: Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Volume Quadrillion Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
- Table 15: United Kingdom Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 16: United Kingdom Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Volume (Quadrillion) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 17: Germany Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 18: Germany Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Volume (Quadrillion) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 19: France Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 20: France Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Volume (Quadrillion) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 21: Italy Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 22: Italy Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Volume (Quadrillion) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 23: Spain Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 24: Spain Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Volume (Quadrillion) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 25: Netherlands Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 26: Netherlands Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Volume (Quadrillion) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 27: Belgium Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 28: Belgium Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Volume (Quadrillion) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 29: Sweden Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 30: Sweden Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Volume (Quadrillion) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 31: Norway Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 32: Norway Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Volume (Quadrillion) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 33: Poland Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 34: Poland Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Volume (Quadrillion) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 35: Denmark Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 36: Denmark Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market Volume (Quadrillion) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market?
The projected CAGR is approximately 1.59%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market?
Key companies in the market include Euroclear, Clearstream Banking, LCH Clearnet, SIX x-clear, BME Clearing, National Settlements Depository (NSD), Monte Titoli, Nasdaq CSD, Bitbond, Fnality, Clearmatics**List Not Exhaustive.
3. What are the main segments of the Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market?
The market segments include Type, Type of System.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD 2.02 Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
Regulatory Requirements; Technological Advancements.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
SEPA Schemes are Driving the Market.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
Regulatory Requirements; Technological Advancements.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
On June 2023, Cboe Clear Europe's plan to launch a central counterparty (CCP) clearing service for securities financing transactions (SFTs). Cboe Clear Europe is a wholly-owned subsidiary of derivatives and securities exchange network Cboe Clear Markets.
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 4750, USD 4950, and USD 6800 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million and volume, measured in Quadrillion.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Europe Clearing Houses And Settlements Market, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence

