Key Insights
The luxury vinyl tile (LVT) floor covering market is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach a market size of $29.87 billion in 2025, expanding at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.98%. This expansion is driven by several key factors. Firstly, the increasing preference for durable, water-resistant, and aesthetically pleasing flooring solutions in both residential and commercial settings fuels demand. LVT's versatility in mimicking the look of natural materials like wood and stone, at a significantly lower cost, is a major advantage. Secondly, the rising disposable incomes in developing economies, particularly in Asia-Pacific, are contributing to increased spending on home renovation and construction projects, further boosting market growth. Finally, technological advancements leading to improved LVT designs, enhanced durability, and eco-friendly manufacturing processes are driving consumer appeal and market expansion. The market is segmented by type (rigid and flexible) and end-use (residential and commercial), with rigid LVT witnessing faster growth due to its superior strength and dimensional stability.
Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Market Size (In Billion)
Competition in the LVT market is intense, with major players like The Dixie Group Inc., LG Hausys, Shaw Industries Group Inc., Forbo, Tarkett, Mannington Mills Inc., Armstrong Flooring, Gerflor, Mohawk Industries, and Interface vying for market share. Geographic segmentation reveals North America and Europe as currently dominant regions, but the Asia-Pacific market is expected to witness the most significant growth in the coming years due to rapid urbanization and economic development. While factors like fluctuating raw material prices and potential environmental concerns related to manufacturing processes may pose some restraints, the overall market outlook remains exceptionally positive, with continued growth anticipated throughout the forecast period (2025-2033). The increasing demand for sustainable and innovative LVT products will likely shape future market trends, emphasizing eco-friendly materials and manufacturing processes.
Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Company Market Share
Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market: A Comprehensive Report (2019-2033)
This in-depth report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Luxury Vinyl Tile (LVT) floor covering market, offering valuable insights for industry stakeholders, investors, and strategic decision-makers. The report covers the period from 2019 to 2033, with a focus on the forecast period (2025-2033), base year (2025), and estimated year (2025). The market is segmented by type (rigid, flexible) and end-use (residential, commercial), analyzing key trends, drivers, challenges, and opportunities within a market valued at xx Million.
Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Market Dynamics & Concentration
The LVT market demonstrates a dynamic interplay of factors impacting its concentration and growth. Market share is currently dominated by a few key players, with the top five companies holding approximately xx% of the global market in 2024. However, the market exhibits considerable fragmentation due to the presence of numerous regional and niche players. Innovation plays a crucial role, with continuous advancements in material technology, design aesthetics, and installation methods driving market expansion. Stringent regulatory frameworks regarding VOC emissions and sustainability are shaping product development and influencing market dynamics. The increasing popularity of LVT as a cost-effective and durable alternative to traditional flooring materials is a major growth driver. Furthermore, mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activity, though at a moderate pace of xx deals annually in the historical period, are consolidating the market and fostering competition. Recent M&A activities have focused on expanding product portfolios and geographical reach. End-user trends reveal a shift towards sustainable and environmentally friendly products, further influencing market growth.
- Market Concentration: Highly concentrated at the top, fragmented at the lower end.
- Innovation Drivers: Advancements in material technology, design, and installation.
- Regulatory Frameworks: Increasing emphasis on sustainability and VOC emissions.
- Product Substitutes: Ceramic tiles, hardwood, laminate flooring.
- End-User Trends: Demand for durable, water-resistant, and aesthetically pleasing flooring.
- M&A Activity: Moderate activity driving consolidation.
Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Industry Trends & Analysis
The LVT market exhibits a robust Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of xx% during the forecast period (2025-2033), driven by several factors. Increasing urbanization and rising disposable incomes are fueling the demand for premium flooring solutions in both residential and commercial sectors. Technological advancements, including the introduction of innovative materials like rigid core LVT and improved click-lock systems, are enhancing product performance and appeal. Consumer preferences are shifting towards durable, easy-to-maintain, and stylish flooring options, which aligns well with the benefits of LVT. The competitive landscape is characterized by intense competition, with established players focusing on product diversification and innovation while new entrants leverage niche market segments. Market penetration of LVT is steadily increasing, particularly in developing economies experiencing rapid infrastructure development.
Leading Markets & Segments in Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market
The North American region currently holds the largest market share, accounting for xx% of the global LVT market in 2024. Strong economic growth, robust construction activities, and high consumer spending are driving this dominance. Within the market segments:
- Rigid LVT: Experiences faster growth compared to flexible LVT due to its enhanced durability and dimensional stability.
- Residential Segment: Remains the largest end-use segment, driven by increasing home renovations and new construction.
- Commercial Segment: Shows significant growth potential, fueled by the increasing adoption of LVT in various commercial settings like offices, retail spaces, and hospitality venues.
Key Drivers for Dominant Regions/Segments:
- North America: Strong economic growth, high disposable incomes, robust construction sector.
- Europe: Growing preference for sustainable and eco-friendly flooring options.
- Asia-Pacific: Rapid urbanization and infrastructure development.
Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Product Developments
Recent product innovations showcase a focus on enhanced durability, water resistance, and aesthetic appeal. The introduction of rigid core LVT, with its superior strength and stability, has significantly impacted the market. Technological advancements in wear layers, like Armstrong Flooring's Diamond 10® Technology, are improving scratch and stain resistance. New designs and finishes offer greater versatility, catering to diverse interior design preferences. These advancements cater to the growing demand for high-performance and aesthetically pleasing flooring solutions.
Key Drivers of Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Growth
Several factors propel the growth of the LVT market:
- Technological advancements: Enhanced material properties and innovative designs.
- Economic growth: Rising disposable incomes and increased construction activity.
- Favorable regulatory environment: Supportive policies promoting sustainable building materials.
- Increased consumer awareness: Growing preference for durable and easy-to-maintain flooring options.
Challenges in the Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Market
Challenges include:
- Fluctuations in raw material prices: impacting production costs and profitability.
- Supply chain disruptions: affecting timely delivery and potentially leading to stock shortages.
- Intense competition: pressuring profit margins and requiring continuous innovation.
- Environmental concerns: necessitating the development of more sustainable manufacturing processes and product formulations.
Emerging Opportunities in Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market
Long-term growth is fueled by:
- Expansion into new markets: Untapped potential in developing economies.
- Strategic partnerships and collaborations: expanding product reach and market access.
- Technological breakthroughs: leading to further improvements in product performance and sustainability.
- Development of innovative product lines: catering to specific market niches and preferences.
Leading Players in the Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Sector
- The Dixie Group Inc
- LG Hausys
- Shaw Industries Group Inc
- Forbo
- Tarkett
- Mannington Mills Inc
- Armstrong Flooring
- Gerflor
- Mohawk Industries
- Interface
Key Milestones in Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Industry
- 2022: Tarkett partners with Squarefoot in India to launch a carpet recycling initiative.
- 2022: Armstrong Flooring launches Asana™, Nidra™, and Zenscape™ heterogeneous sheet products featuring Diamond 10® Technology.
Strategic Outlook for Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Market
The LVT market presents significant growth opportunities, driven by technological innovation, expanding product applications, and increasing consumer preference for durable and aesthetically pleasing flooring solutions. Strategic partnerships, expansion into new geographical markets, and a focus on sustainability will be key success factors for market players. The market's continued expansion is anticipated, given the ongoing demand for high-performance, cost-effective, and versatile flooring materials across residential and commercial applications.
Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Segmentation
-
1. Type
- 1.1. Rigid
- 1.2. Flexible
-
2. End-Use
- 2.1. Residential
- 2.2. Commercial
Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Segmentation By Geography
- 1. North America
- 2. South America
- 3. Asia Pacific
- 4. Europe
- 5. Middle East and Africa
Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Regional Market Share
Geographic Coverage of Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market
Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
| Aspects | Details |
|---|---|
| Study Period | 2020-2034 |
| Base Year | 2025 |
| Estimated Year | 2026 |
| Forecast Period | 2026-2034 |
| Historical Period | 2020-2025 |
| Growth Rate | CAGR of 9.98% from 2020-2034 |
| Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. Growing Construction and Renovation Activities; Rising Preference for Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Materials
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. Price and Installation Costs; Competition from Alternative Materials
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. Flexible Segment is Dominating the Market
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Global Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 5.1.1. Rigid
- 5.1.2. Flexible
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-Use
- 5.2.1. Residential
- 5.2.2. Commercial
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.3.1. North America
- 5.3.2. South America
- 5.3.3. Asia Pacific
- 5.3.4. Europe
- 5.3.5. Middle East and Africa
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 6. North America Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 6.1.1. Rigid
- 6.1.2. Flexible
- 6.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-Use
- 6.2.1. Residential
- 6.2.2. Commercial
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 7. South America Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 7.1.1. Rigid
- 7.1.2. Flexible
- 7.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-Use
- 7.2.1. Residential
- 7.2.2. Commercial
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 8. Asia Pacific Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 8.1.1. Rigid
- 8.1.2. Flexible
- 8.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-Use
- 8.2.1. Residential
- 8.2.2. Commercial
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 9. Europe Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 9.1.1. Rigid
- 9.1.2. Flexible
- 9.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-Use
- 9.2.1. Residential
- 9.2.2. Commercial
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 10. Middle East and Africa Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 10.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 10.1.1. Rigid
- 10.1.2. Flexible
- 10.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-Use
- 10.2.1. Residential
- 10.2.2. Commercial
- 10.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 11. Competitive Analysis
- 11.1. Global Market Share Analysis 2025
- 11.2. Company Profiles
- 11.2.1 The Dixie Group Inc **List Not Exhaustive
- 11.2.1.1. Overview
- 11.2.1.2. Products
- 11.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.2 LG Hausys
- 11.2.2.1. Overview
- 11.2.2.2. Products
- 11.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.3 Shaw Industries Group Inc
- 11.2.3.1. Overview
- 11.2.3.2. Products
- 11.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.4 Forbo
- 11.2.4.1. Overview
- 11.2.4.2. Products
- 11.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.5 Tarkett
- 11.2.5.1. Overview
- 11.2.5.2. Products
- 11.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.6 Mannington Mills Inc
- 11.2.6.1. Overview
- 11.2.6.2. Products
- 11.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.7 Armstrong Flooring
- 11.2.7.1. Overview
- 11.2.7.2. Products
- 11.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.8 Gerflor
- 11.2.8.1. Overview
- 11.2.8.2. Products
- 11.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.9 Mohawk Industries
- 11.2.9.1. Overview
- 11.2.9.2. Products
- 11.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.10 Interface
- 11.2.10.1. Overview
- 11.2.10.2. Products
- 11.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.1 The Dixie Group Inc **List Not Exhaustive
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Global Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Region 2025 & 2033
- Figure 2: North America Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue (Million), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 3: North America Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Share (%), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 4: North America Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue (Million), by End-Use 2025 & 2033
- Figure 5: North America Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Share (%), by End-Use 2025 & 2033
- Figure 6: North America Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 7: North America Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 8: South America Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue (Million), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 9: South America Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Share (%), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 10: South America Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue (Million), by End-Use 2025 & 2033
- Figure 11: South America Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Share (%), by End-Use 2025 & 2033
- Figure 12: South America Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 13: South America Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 14: Asia Pacific Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue (Million), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 15: Asia Pacific Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Share (%), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 16: Asia Pacific Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue (Million), by End-Use 2025 & 2033
- Figure 17: Asia Pacific Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Share (%), by End-Use 2025 & 2033
- Figure 18: Asia Pacific Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 19: Asia Pacific Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 20: Europe Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue (Million), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 21: Europe Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Share (%), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 22: Europe Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue (Million), by End-Use 2025 & 2033
- Figure 23: Europe Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Share (%), by End-Use 2025 & 2033
- Figure 24: Europe Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 25: Europe Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 26: Middle East and Africa Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue (Million), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 27: Middle East and Africa Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Share (%), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 28: Middle East and Africa Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue (Million), by End-Use 2025 & 2033
- Figure 29: Middle East and Africa Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Share (%), by End-Use 2025 & 2033
- Figure 30: Middle East and Africa Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 31: Middle East and Africa Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2025 & 2033
List of Tables
- Table 1: Global Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 2: Global Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-Use 2020 & 2033
- Table 3: Global Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2020 & 2033
- Table 4: Global Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 5: Global Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-Use 2020 & 2033
- Table 6: Global Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
- Table 7: Global Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 8: Global Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-Use 2020 & 2033
- Table 9: Global Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
- Table 10: Global Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 11: Global Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-Use 2020 & 2033
- Table 12: Global Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
- Table 13: Global Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 14: Global Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-Use 2020 & 2033
- Table 15: Global Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
- Table 16: Global Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 17: Global Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-Use 2020 & 2033
- Table 18: Global Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market?
The projected CAGR is approximately 9.98%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market?
Key companies in the market include The Dixie Group Inc **List Not Exhaustive, LG Hausys, Shaw Industries Group Inc, Forbo, Tarkett, Mannington Mills Inc, Armstrong Flooring, Gerflor, Mohawk Industries, Interface.
3. What are the main segments of the Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market?
The market segments include Type, End-Use.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD 29.87 Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
Growing Construction and Renovation Activities; Rising Preference for Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Materials.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
Flexible Segment is Dominating the Market.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
Price and Installation Costs; Competition from Alternative Materials.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
In 2022, Tarkett has partnered with Squarefoot in India to launch a carpet recycling initiative. Tarkett will collect discarded carpet tiles from restoration sites and recycle both the backing and the yarn. The yarn is used to manufacture recycled paper bags, while the backing material is upcycled in the car and construction industries.
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 4750, USD 5250, and USD 8750 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Luxury Vinyl Tile Floor Covering Market, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database
Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)
Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations
Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence