Key Insights
The Indonesian architectural coatings market is poised for significant expansion, projected to reach a substantial USD 1.1 billion in 2025 and grow at a robust CAGR of 3.65% from 2019 to 2033. This growth is underpinned by several key drivers, primarily the burgeoning construction sector fueled by increasing urbanization and a rising middle class demanding improved living and working spaces. Government initiatives focused on infrastructure development and housing projects further bolster demand for architectural coatings. The market is segmented across various end-user categories, with Commercial and Residential segments being the dominant forces, reflecting sustained activity in both new builds and renovations. Technological advancements, particularly the shift towards Waterborne coatings due to their environmental benefits and lower VOC emissions, are reshaping the product landscape. The evolving preferences of consumers and stricter environmental regulations are accelerating this transition away from traditional Solventborne alternatives.
Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Market Size (In Billion)
Further insights reveal a diverse resin landscape, with Acrylic, Alkyd, Epoxy, Polyester, and Polyurethane resins playing crucial roles in formulating coatings tailored for specific applications, durability, and aesthetic requirements. The demand for high-performance and sustainable coating solutions is driving innovation within these resin types. Key players such as AkzoNobel N.V., Nippon Paint Holdings Co. Ltd., Jotun, and Asian Paints are actively competing in this dynamic market, investing in research and development to introduce advanced products and expand their market reach. Despite the positive outlook, the market faces some restraints, including raw material price volatility and potential competition from alternative building materials. However, the strong underlying demand and the continuous drive for aesthetic enhancement and protection of structures in Indonesia are expected to propel the market forward throughout the forecast period.
Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Company Market Share
Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market: Navigating Growth, Innovation, and Sustainability (2019-2033)
**Unlock insights into the dynamic Indonesian architectural coatings market with this comprehensive report. Covering a study period from 2019 to 2033, with 2025 as the base and estimated year, this analysis delves into the market's trajectory, key drivers, challenges, and future opportunities. Understand the competitive landscape, technological advancements, and evolving consumer preferences shaping the *Indonesian paint and coatings market*, *architectural paint market Indonesia*, and **decorative coatings Indonesia.
This report provides in-depth analysis on critical aspects of the Indonesian construction coatings market, including:
- Market Size: Valued at approximately $X.X billion in 2025, projected to reach $Y.Y billion by 2033, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of Z.Z% during the forecast period (2025-2033).
- Segmentation: Detailed breakdown by Sub End User (Commercial, Residential), Technology (Solventborne, Waterborne), and Resin (Acrylic, Alkyd, Epoxy, Polyester, Polyurethane, Other Resin Types).
- Key Players: In-depth profiling of leading companies in the Indonesian coatings industry, including AkzoNobel N V, Jotun, Guangdong Maydos building materials limited company, SKK(S) Pte Ltd, DAI NIPPON TORYO CO LTD, PT Propan Raya, Nippon Paint Holdings Co Ltd, TOA Paint Public Company Limited, Asian paints, Avian Brands, Kansai Paint Co Ltd, and Mowilex.
- Industry Developments: Analysis of significant product launches, market strategies, and technological innovations influencing the Indonesia architectural coatings market.
Gain a competitive edge and make informed strategic decisions with this indispensable resource for manufacturers, suppliers, investors, and industry stakeholders in the burgeoning Indonesian architectural coatings sector.
Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Market Dynamics & Concentration
The Indonesian architectural coatings market is characterized by a moderate to high level of concentration, with a few dominant players holding substantial market share. Leading companies such as AkzoNobel N V, Jotun, and Nippon Paint Holdings Co Ltd consistently invest in innovation to capture market share and address evolving consumer needs for aesthetic appeal, durability, and environmental friendliness. The market's growth is significantly driven by the burgeoning construction sector, fueled by government initiatives for infrastructure development and rapid urbanization. Regulatory frameworks, particularly those concerning Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emissions and product safety, are increasingly influential, pushing manufacturers towards developing more sustainable, waterborne formulations. Product substitutes, such as wallpapers and other decorative finishes, present a moderate competitive threat, necessitating continuous product differentiation and value addition by coatings manufacturers. End-user trends are shifting towards eco-friendly, low-VOC paints, enhanced durability, and a wider spectrum of aesthetic options, driving demand for advanced formulations. Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activities, while not overtly frequent, are crucial for strategic consolidation and expansion, with recent activity focused on acquiring niche technologies or expanding regional distribution networks. The market has witnessed approximately X significant M&A deals within the historical period (2019-2024), indicating a drive for synergistic growth and market consolidation. Key market share estimations for the base year 2025 indicate that AkzoNobel N V, Jotun, and Nippon Paint Holdings Co Ltd collectively hold an estimated XX% of the market.
Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Industry Trends & Analysis
The Indonesian architectural coatings market is experiencing robust growth, primarily propelled by the nation's dynamic construction and infrastructure development. This growth is further amplified by increasing urbanization and a burgeoning middle class with higher disposable incomes, leading to a greater demand for aesthetically pleasing and durable housing and commercial spaces. The market penetration of premium and specialized architectural coatings is steadily rising as consumers become more aware of product benefits like enhanced durability, weather resistance, and specific functionalities such as anti-mold or self-cleaning properties. Technological disruptions are playing a pivotal role, with a significant shift towards waterborne coatings driven by stricter environmental regulations and growing consumer preference for eco-friendly products. These waterborne coatings offer lower VOC emissions, improved safety, and faster drying times, making them increasingly attractive for both residential and commercial applications. Acrylic resins continue to dominate the market due to their versatility, excellent adhesion, and weatherability, but innovations in polyurethane and epoxy-based coatings are gaining traction for their superior performance characteristics in high-traffic and demanding environments. Consumer preferences are evolving beyond basic functionality; there is a growing demand for customized color palettes, unique textures, and coatings that contribute to interior comfort and well-being, such as those with air-purifying capabilities. The competitive dynamics within the market are intense, with local players like PT Propan Raya and Avian Brands fiercely competing with established international giants. This competition fosters innovation and price sensitivity, ultimately benefiting the end consumers. The market is projected to witness a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of approximately Z.Z% between 2025 and 2033, reflecting its strong upward trajectory. The overall market size for architectural coatings in Indonesia was estimated to be around $X.X billion in 2025, with this figure expected to expand significantly in the coming years. The increasing adoption of digital platforms for product selection and application guidance also represents a growing trend, influencing consumer engagement and purchasing decisions within the decorative paints Indonesia segment.
Leading Markets & Segments in Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market
The Indonesia architectural coatings market is segmented across various sub-end users, technologies, and resin types, with distinct segments exhibiting varying growth potentials and dominance.
Sub End User Dominance:
- Residential: This segment holds the largest market share due to the high demand for new housing construction and renovations driven by population growth and economic development. Government housing programs and the rise of the middle class significantly contribute to this segment's dominance.
- Commercial: Experiencing substantial growth, the commercial segment encompasses retail spaces, offices, hospitality, and healthcare facilities. Rapid urbanization and increased foreign investment in commercial infrastructure are key drivers.
Technology Dominance:
- Waterborne Coatings: This technology segment is projected for the highest growth rate, driven by stringent environmental regulations and increasing consumer awareness regarding health and sustainability. The ease of application, low odor, and quick drying times further enhance their appeal.
- Solventborne Coatings: While still holding a significant share, solventborne coatings are expected to see a gradual decline in market share as regulations tighten and eco-friendly alternatives become more prevalent. They are still favored in certain industrial or highly durable applications where their specific properties are critical.
Resin Dominance:
- Acrylic: Acrylic resins continue to be the dominant resin type in the Indonesian architectural coatings market, offering a balance of performance, cost-effectiveness, and versatility for a wide range of interior and exterior applications. Their excellent UV resistance and color retention are key advantages.
- Alkyd: Alkyd-based coatings remain relevant, particularly for wood finishes and traditional applications where their gloss and hardness are valued. However, their market share is facing pressure from newer resin technologies.
- Epoxy and Polyurethane: These high-performance resins are gaining traction in specialized applications requiring exceptional durability, chemical resistance, and abrasion resistance, such as industrial flooring, high-traffic commercial areas, and exterior facades exposed to harsh weather conditions.
The dominance of these segments is influenced by several factors:
- Economic Policies: Government initiatives supporting affordable housing and infrastructure development directly fuel demand in the residential and commercial segments, respectively.
- Infrastructure Development: Investments in public infrastructure, including airports, transportation hubs, and public buildings, create significant demand for architectural coatings.
- Consumer Affordability: The rising disposable income of Indonesian households allows for increased spending on home improvement and renovation projects, boosting the residential segment.
- Environmental Regulations: Stricter regulations on VOC emissions are a primary driver for the growth of waterborne technologies and are influencing resin selection towards more sustainable options.
The Indonesian paint and coatings market is continuously evolving, with strategic investments in both the residential and commercial sectors expected to drive significant growth in the coming years. The shift towards sustainable technologies and high-performance resins will shape the future landscape of the architectural paint market Indonesia.
Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Product Developments
Recent product developments in the Indonesian architectural coatings market highlight a strong focus on innovation catering to evolving consumer demands and environmental consciousness. Companies are introducing advanced formulations that offer enhanced durability, superior aesthetics, and improved functionality. Innovations include coatings with excellent weather resistance for exterior applications, stain-repellent properties for interior walls, and antimicrobial features to improve hygiene in residential and commercial spaces. The trend towards sustainable solutions is evident in the development of low-VOC and zero-VOC waterborne paints, aligning with global environmental initiatives and local regulatory pressures. Furthermore, manufacturers are expanding their color palettes and offering textured finishes to meet the growing demand for personalized interior design. These product developments aim to provide competitive advantages by offering superior performance, unique selling propositions, and better alignment with market trends in decorative paints Indonesia.
Key Drivers of Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Growth
Several key factors are propelling the growth of the Indonesia architectural coatings market. The robust expansion of the construction industry, fueled by urbanization and significant government investment in infrastructure projects, is a primary driver. A rising middle class with increasing disposable income translates to higher spending on residential renovations and new home constructions, boosting demand for decorative and protective coatings. Growing environmental awareness and stricter regulations on VOC emissions are accelerating the adoption of eco-friendly waterborne coatings, creating opportunities for innovation in this segment. Furthermore, technological advancements in coating formulations, leading to enhanced durability, performance, and aesthetic appeal, are attracting consumers and professionals alike. The increasing focus on interior design and home improvement trends also contributes to the demand for a wider range of colors and finishes.
Challenges in the Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Market
Despite its promising growth, the Indonesia architectural coatings market faces several challenges. Intense competition among both domestic and international players leads to price pressures and necessitates continuous investment in product differentiation. Fluctuations in raw material prices, particularly for key components like titanium dioxide and resins, can impact profit margins. Navigating complex and evolving regulatory landscapes, especially concerning environmental standards and product certifications, can pose compliance challenges for manufacturers. Supply chain disruptions, amplified by logistical complexities in an archipelago nation, can affect the timely delivery of raw materials and finished goods. The presence of counterfeit products and unorganized market players also creates an uneven playing field and can erode consumer trust in genuine brands.
Emerging Opportunities in Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market
The Indonesian architectural coatings market presents numerous emerging opportunities for growth. The increasing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly building materials, driven by both consumer preference and government mandates, opens avenues for the development and promotion of low-VOC and waterborne coatings. The burgeoning smart home and building trend presents opportunities for innovative coatings with integrated functionalities, such as thermal insulation, air purification, or even smart connectivity features. Strategic partnerships and collaborations between coating manufacturers, architects, and interior designers can foster the development of tailored solutions and enhance market penetration. Furthermore, the untapped potential in tier-2 and tier-3 cities, where infrastructure development is accelerating, offers significant expansion opportunities for market players. The growing e-commerce penetration in Indonesia also presents an opportunity for online sales channels and direct-to-consumer models.
Leading Players in the Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Sector
- AkzoNobel N V
- Jotun
- Guangdong Maydos building materials limited company
- SKK(S) Pte Ltd
- DAI NIPPON TORYO CO LTD
- PT Propan Raya
- Nippon Paint Holdings Co Ltd
- TOA Paint Public Company Limited
- Asian paints
- Avian Brands
- Kansai Paint Co Ltd
- Mowilex
Key Milestones in Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Industry
- June 2022: Launch of new collections for architectural coatings in household applications under the Home decor category, catering to evolving aesthetic preferences and market trends.
- January 2021: Introduction of the Dulux Promise Guarantee program, ensuring easy replacement of Dulux products, enhancing customer confidence and brand loyalty in the Indonesian construction coatings market.
Strategic Outlook for Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Market
The strategic outlook for the Indonesia architectural coatings market is exceptionally positive, driven by continued economic growth, urbanization, and a strong emphasis on sustainable development. Key growth accelerators include the increasing demand for high-performance and specialized coatings that offer enhanced durability and aesthetic appeal. The shift towards environmentally friendly, waterborne formulations will remain a critical focus, creating opportunities for companies that invest in green technologies. The expanding middle class and growing disposable incomes will continue to fuel demand for premium decorative and protective coatings in both residential and commercial segments. Strategic partnerships, product innovation, and effective market penetration in emerging urban centers will be crucial for sustained success. Embracing digital transformation for sales, marketing, and customer engagement will also be vital in capturing market share in this dynamic landscape.
Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Segmentation
-
1. Sub End User
- 1.1. Commercial
- 1.2. Residential
-
2. Technology
- 2.1. Solventborne
- 2.2. Waterborne
-
3. Resin
- 3.1. Acrylic
- 3.2. Alkyd
- 3.3. Epoxy
- 3.4. Polyester
- 3.5. Polyurethane
- 3.6. Other Resin Types
Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Segmentation By Geography
- 1. Indonesia
Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Regional Market Share
Geographic Coverage of Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market
Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
| Aspects | Details |
|---|---|
| Study Period | 2020-2034 |
| Base Year | 2025 |
| Estimated Year | 2026 |
| Forecast Period | 2026-2034 |
| Historical Period | 2020-2025 |
| Growth Rate | CAGR of 3.65% from 2020-2034 |
| Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. Surging Demand for Frothers in Copper and Molybdenum Sulfide Ores; Increasing Demand for Surface Coating Applications
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. Growing Awareness about the Toxic Effects of MIBC; Other Restraints
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. Residential is the largest segment by Sub End User.
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Sub End User
- 5.1.1. Commercial
- 5.1.2. Residential
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Technology
- 5.2.1. Solventborne
- 5.2.2. Waterborne
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Resin
- 5.3.1. Acrylic
- 5.3.2. Alkyd
- 5.3.3. Epoxy
- 5.3.4. Polyester
- 5.3.5. Polyurethane
- 5.3.6. Other Resin Types
- 5.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.4.1. Indonesia
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Sub End User
- 6. Competitive Analysis
- 6.1. Market Share Analysis 2025
- 6.2. Company Profiles
- 6.2.1 AkzoNobel N V
- 6.2.1.1. Overview
- 6.2.1.2. Products
- 6.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.2 Jotun
- 6.2.2.1. Overview
- 6.2.2.2. Products
- 6.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.3 Guangdong Maydos building materials limited company
- 6.2.3.1. Overview
- 6.2.3.2. Products
- 6.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.4 SKK(S) Pte Ltd
- 6.2.4.1. Overview
- 6.2.4.2. Products
- 6.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.5 DAI NIPPON TORYO CO LTD
- 6.2.5.1. Overview
- 6.2.5.2. Products
- 6.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.6 PT Propan Raya
- 6.2.6.1. Overview
- 6.2.6.2. Products
- 6.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.7 Nippon Paint Holdings Co Ltd
- 6.2.7.1. Overview
- 6.2.7.2. Products
- 6.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.8 TOA Paint Public Company Limited
- 6.2.8.1. Overview
- 6.2.8.2. Products
- 6.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.9 Asian paints
- 6.2.9.1. Overview
- 6.2.9.2. Products
- 6.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.10 Avian Brands
- 6.2.10.1. Overview
- 6.2.10.2. Products
- 6.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.11 Kansai Paint Co Ltd
- 6.2.11.1. Overview
- 6.2.11.2. Products
- 6.2.11.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.11.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.11.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.12 Mowilex
- 6.2.12.1. Overview
- 6.2.12.2. Products
- 6.2.12.3. SWOT Analysis
- 6.2.12.4. Recent Developments
- 6.2.12.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 6.2.1 AkzoNobel N V
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Revenue Breakdown (billion, %) by Product 2025 & 2033
- Figure 2: Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Share (%) by Company 2025
List of Tables
- Table 1: Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Sub End User 2020 & 2033
- Table 2: Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Volume liter Forecast, by Sub End User 2020 & 2033
- Table 3: Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Technology 2020 & 2033
- Table 4: Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Volume liter Forecast, by Technology 2020 & 2033
- Table 5: Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Resin 2020 & 2033
- Table 6: Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Volume liter Forecast, by Resin 2020 & 2033
- Table 7: Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Region 2020 & 2033
- Table 8: Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Volume liter Forecast, by Region 2020 & 2033
- Table 9: Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Sub End User 2020 & 2033
- Table 10: Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Volume liter Forecast, by Sub End User 2020 & 2033
- Table 11: Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Technology 2020 & 2033
- Table 12: Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Volume liter Forecast, by Technology 2020 & 2033
- Table 13: Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Resin 2020 & 2033
- Table 14: Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Volume liter Forecast, by Resin 2020 & 2033
- Table 15: Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Revenue billion Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
- Table 16: Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market Volume liter Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market?
The projected CAGR is approximately 3.65%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market?
Key companies in the market include AkzoNobel N V, Jotun, Guangdong Maydos building materials limited company, SKK(S) Pte Ltd, DAI NIPPON TORYO CO LTD, PT Propan Raya, Nippon Paint Holdings Co Ltd, TOA Paint Public Company Limited, Asian paints, Avian Brands, Kansai Paint Co Ltd, Mowilex.
3. What are the main segments of the Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market?
The market segments include Sub End User, Technology, Resin.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD 1.1 billion as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
Surging Demand for Frothers in Copper and Molybdenum Sulfide Ores; Increasing Demand for Surface Coating Applications.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
Residential is the largest segment by Sub End User..
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
Growing Awareness about the Toxic Effects of MIBC; Other Restraints.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
June 2022: The company has launched new collections for architectural coatings in household applications under Home decor category.January 2021: The company introduced Dulux Promise Guarantee program which ensures easy replacement of dulux products.
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 3800, USD 4500, and USD 5800 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in billion and volume, measured in liter .
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Indonesia Architectural Coatings Market, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database
Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)
Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations
Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence