Key Insights
The Asia-Pacific EVA adhesives market, valued at $3.87 billion in 2025, is poised for robust growth throughout the forecast period (2025-2033). This expansion is driven by several key factors. Firstly, the burgeoning construction and packaging industries in the region are significant consumers of EVA adhesives, fueling demand for high-performance bonding solutions. The increasing adoption of sustainable packaging materials, coupled with the growing demand for lightweight and flexible packaging, further contributes to market growth. Moreover, advancements in adhesive technology, leading to improved properties like enhanced bonding strength, water resistance, and heat resistance, are attracting wider adoption across various applications. The automotive industry's rising demand for lightweight and fuel-efficient vehicles also presents a significant opportunity for EVA adhesive manufacturers. Finally, government initiatives promoting sustainable development and industrial growth in the region are indirectly bolstering the market's trajectory.
Growth within the Asia-Pacific EVA adhesives market is expected to be driven by a combination of factors including increasing disposable income, rising urbanization, and the expansion of manufacturing industries across key economies in the region. Competitive pricing, coupled with the versatility and performance advantages of EVA adhesives compared to other bonding solutions, ensures continued market penetration. However, fluctuations in raw material prices and the emergence of alternative adhesive technologies pose potential challenges. Nevertheless, the long-term outlook for the Asia-Pacific EVA adhesives market remains positive, with consistent growth projected throughout the forecast period, spurred by strong regional economic development and technological advancements. To maintain competitiveness, manufacturers must focus on innovation, cost optimization, and the development of specialized adhesives tailored to specific industry needs.

Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market: A Comprehensive Report (2019-2033)
Unlocking Growth Opportunities in the Thriving Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market: This in-depth report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Asia-Pacific EVA adhesives market, offering invaluable insights for stakeholders across the value chain. From market dynamics and industry trends to leading players and future opportunities, this report is your essential guide to navigating this dynamic sector. With a study period spanning 2019-2033, a base year of 2025, and a forecast period of 2025-2033, this research delivers actionable intelligence for strategic decision-making. The market is projected to reach xx Million by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period.
Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Market Dynamics & Concentration
The Asia-Pacific EVA adhesives market is characterized by a moderately concentrated landscape, with key players holding significant market share. Market concentration is influenced by factors including economies of scale, R&D investments, and brand recognition. However, the presence of several regional players and the continuous entry of new companies contribute to a dynamic competitive environment. Innovation, driven by the demand for sustainable and high-performance adhesives, is a key driver. Stringent environmental regulations across several Asia-Pacific nations are shaping product development strategies, pushing companies towards eco-friendly solutions. The market also experiences competitive pressure from substitute materials, such as hot melt pressure-sensitive adhesives and water-based adhesives. End-user trends towards lightweighting in automotive and aerospace applications, and increasing demand for durable construction materials, are key drivers for market growth. Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activities in the past five years have been moderate, with approximately xx deals recorded, reflecting strategic consolidation efforts within the industry.
- Market Share: Top 5 players hold approximately xx% of the market share.
- M&A Activity: An average of xx M&A deals per year were observed during the historical period (2019-2024).
- Innovation Drivers: Demand for sustainable and high-performance adhesives.
- Regulatory Framework: Stringent environmental regulations are driving the adoption of eco-friendly solutions.
- Product Substitutes: Hot melt pressure-sensitive adhesives and water-based adhesives.
Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Industry Trends & Analysis
The Asia-Pacific EVA adhesives market is witnessing robust growth, driven by a multitude of factors. Rapid industrialization and urbanization across the region are fuelling demand across various end-use sectors. Technological advancements, particularly in hot melt adhesives, are enhancing product performance and expanding application possibilities. Consumer preferences are shifting towards high-performance, eco-friendly, and cost-effective adhesives. The competitive landscape is intensely dynamic, with both established multinational companies and regional players vying for market share. These companies are investing heavily in R&D to develop innovative products that cater to emerging market needs. The increasing adoption of automation technologies in manufacturing processes also contributes to market growth, creating opportunities for specialized adhesives in automated assembly lines. The market penetration of EVA adhesives in specific niche applications, such as flexible electronics, is steadily increasing.

Leading Markets & Segments in Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market
China dominates the Asia-Pacific EVA adhesives market, driven by its substantial manufacturing base and rapid infrastructure development. India represents a significant growth opportunity, fuelled by its burgeoning construction and packaging sectors. Japan and South Korea, characterized by advanced manufacturing industries, exhibit high demand for specialized EVA adhesives. Within the end-user segments, the building and construction sector is a major driver, followed by the packaging and footwear industries. The hot melt technology segment holds the largest market share, due to its ease of application and cost-effectiveness.
- Key Drivers in China: Strong industrial growth, government investments in infrastructure.
- Key Drivers in India: Rapid urbanization, growth in the construction and packaging sectors.
- Dominant End-Use Segment: Building and Construction.
- Dominant Technology: Hot Melt.
The Rest of Asia-Pacific region also presents significant growth potential driven by factors like rising disposable incomes and increasing demand for consumer goods.
Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Product Developments
Recent product innovations focus on developing high-performance, sustainable, and cost-effective EVA adhesives. Emphasis is on improved adhesion strength, durability, flexibility, and water resistance. New applications are emerging in renewable energy sectors and electronic devices. Companies are leveraging nanotechnology and other advanced materials to enhance the properties of EVA adhesives. This is enhancing the competitive advantage of leading companies in the market.
Key Drivers of Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Growth
The Asia-Pacific EVA adhesives market's expansion is fuelled by several factors: The robust growth of the construction, packaging, and automotive industries is driving demand. Technological advancements leading to improved product performance and cost reductions are key contributors. Favorable government policies promoting industrial growth and infrastructure development further stimulate market expansion.
Challenges in the Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Market
The market faces challenges including fluctuating raw material prices, intense competition, and stringent environmental regulations. Supply chain disruptions can impact production and availability, while meeting stringent regulatory compliance adds to operational costs. The competitive pressure from substitute materials also poses a significant challenge. These factors can negatively impact profitability and market growth.
Emerging Opportunities in Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market
Emerging opportunities lie in the growing demand for eco-friendly adhesives, expansion into new application areas (like renewable energy), and strategic collaborations for technology transfer and market penetration. Technological breakthroughs in adhesive formulations, coupled with focused marketing efforts, are key to capitalizing on these emerging opportunities.
Leading Players in the Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Sector
- Henkel AG & Co KGaA
- OKONG Corp
- Paramelt B V
- Selic Corp Public Company Limited
- NANPAO RESINS CHEMICAL GROUP
- Arkema Group
- Dow
- H.B. Fuller Company
- Aica Kogyo Co Ltd
- CEMEDINE Co Ltd
Key Milestones in Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Industry
- May 2021: Henkel announced a EUR 60 Million investment in a new innovation center in Shanghai.
- June 2021: H.B. Fuller signed a distribution agreement with Jubilant Agri and Consumer Products in India.
- July 2021: H.B. Fuller announced a strategic agreement with Covestro for sustainable adhesives.
Strategic Outlook for Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Market
The Asia-Pacific EVA adhesives market holds significant long-term growth potential. Strategic opportunities lie in developing innovative, sustainable, and cost-effective solutions, expanding into high-growth markets, and forging strategic partnerships to enhance market penetration. Focusing on niche applications and leveraging technological advancements will be crucial for success in this dynamic market.
Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Segmentation
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1. End User Industry
- 1.1. Aerospace
- 1.2. Automotive
- 1.3. Building and Construction
- 1.4. Footwear and Leather
- 1.5. Healthcare
- 1.6. Packaging
- 1.7. Woodworking and Joinery
- 1.8. Other End-user Industries
-
2. Technology
- 2.1. Hot Melt
- 2.2. Solvent-borne
- 2.3. Water-borne
Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Segmentation By Geography
-
1. Asia Pacific
- 1.1. China
- 1.2. Japan
- 1.3. South Korea
- 1.4. India
- 1.5. Australia
- 1.6. New Zealand
- 1.7. Indonesia
- 1.8. Malaysia
- 1.9. Singapore
- 1.10. Thailand
- 1.11. Vietnam
- 1.12. Philippines

Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of < 5.00% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. Growing Demand from Aerospace Industry; Rising Demand for Fuel Efficient and Light-weight Vehicles; Other Drivers
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. Non-Degradable Nature of Reinforced Plastic; Other Restraints
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. OTHER KEY INDUSTRY TRENDS COVERED IN THE REPORT
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End User Industry
- 5.1.1. Aerospace
- 5.1.2. Automotive
- 5.1.3. Building and Construction
- 5.1.4. Footwear and Leather
- 5.1.5. Healthcare
- 5.1.6. Packaging
- 5.1.7. Woodworking and Joinery
- 5.1.8. Other End-user Industries
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Technology
- 5.2.1. Hot Melt
- 5.2.2. Solvent-borne
- 5.2.3. Water-borne
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.3.1. Asia Pacific
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End User Industry
- 6. China Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7. Japan Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8. India Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 9. South Korea Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 10. Taiwan Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 11. Australia Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 12. Rest of Asia-Pacific Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 13. Competitive Analysis
- 13.1. Market Share Analysis 2024
- 13.2. Company Profiles
- 13.2.1 Henkel AG & Co KGaA
- 13.2.1.1. Overview
- 13.2.1.2. Products
- 13.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.2 OKONG Corp
- 13.2.2.1. Overview
- 13.2.2.2. Products
- 13.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.3 Paramelt B V
- 13.2.3.1. Overview
- 13.2.3.2. Products
- 13.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.4 Selic Corp Public Company Limited
- 13.2.4.1. Overview
- 13.2.4.2. Products
- 13.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.5 NANPAO RESINS CHEMICAL GROUP
- 13.2.5.1. Overview
- 13.2.5.2. Products
- 13.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.6 Arkema Group
- 13.2.6.1. Overview
- 13.2.6.2. Products
- 13.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.7 Dow
- 13.2.7.1. Overview
- 13.2.7.2. Products
- 13.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.8 H B Fuller Company
- 13.2.8.1. Overview
- 13.2.8.2. Products
- 13.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.9 Aica Kogyo Co Ltd
- 13.2.9.1. Overview
- 13.2.9.2. Products
- 13.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.10 CEMEDINE Co Ltd
- 13.2.10.1. Overview
- 13.2.10.2. Products
- 13.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.1 Henkel AG & Co KGaA
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Product 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Share (%) by Company 2024
List of Tables
- Table 1: Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End User Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by End User Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Technology 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Technology 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: China Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: China Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: Japan Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: Japan Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: India Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: India Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: South Korea Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: South Korea Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: Taiwan Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: Taiwan Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: Australia Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: Australia Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: Rest of Asia-Pacific Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 24: Rest of Asia-Pacific Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 25: Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End User Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 26: Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by End User Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 27: Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Technology 2019 & 2032
- Table 28: Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Technology 2019 & 2032
- Table 29: Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 30: Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume K Tons Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 31: China Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 32: China Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 33: Japan Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 34: Japan Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 35: South Korea Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 36: South Korea Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 37: India Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 38: India Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 39: Australia Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 40: Australia Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 41: New Zealand Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 42: New Zealand Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 43: Indonesia Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 44: Indonesia Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 45: Malaysia Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 46: Malaysia Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 47: Singapore Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 48: Singapore Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 49: Thailand Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 50: Thailand Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 51: Vietnam Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 52: Vietnam Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 53: Philippines Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 54: Philippines Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market Volume (K Tons) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market?
The projected CAGR is approximately < 5.00%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market?
Key companies in the market include Henkel AG & Co KGaA, OKONG Corp, Paramelt B V, Selic Corp Public Company Limited, NANPAO RESINS CHEMICAL GROUP, Arkema Group, Dow, H B Fuller Company, Aica Kogyo Co Ltd, CEMEDINE Co Ltd.
3. What are the main segments of the Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market?
The market segments include End User Industry, Technology.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD 3870 Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
Growing Demand from Aerospace Industry; Rising Demand for Fuel Efficient and Light-weight Vehicles; Other Drivers.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
OTHER KEY INDUSTRY TRENDS COVERED IN THE REPORT.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
Non-Degradable Nature of Reinforced Plastic; Other Restraints.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
July 2021: H.B. Fuller announced a strategic agreement with Covestro to offer sustainable adhesives in the market.June 2021: H.B. Fuller signed a distribution agreement with Jubilant Agri and Consumer Products to promote its adhesive solutions in the woodworking segment in India.May 2021: Henkel announced an investment of EUR 60 million to construct a new innovation center for its Adhesive Technologies unit in Shanghai to strengthen its footprint in China.
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 3800, USD 4500, and USD 5800 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million and volume, measured in K Tons.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Asia-Pacific EVA Adhesives Market, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence